Combination of Thermal-Treated Kelulut (Stingless Bee) Honey and Phyllanthus niruri Extract: Evaluation on Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Kelulut honey (KH) has a broad spectrum of antibacterial effects that conceivably deteriorate upon heat treatment. However, further synergistic combinations with plant extract might be value in improving the bactericidal capacity. Therefore, this study reports on combination KH Phyllanthus niruri as both are independently known to bactericidal. P.niruri was incorporated into 2 types KH; untreated and thermal-treated (50, 60 70 °C for 5, 10, 15 30 min); tested against 4 bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus epidermidis) through disc diffusion method. Untreated general had bigger inhibition zone than thermal-treated. The reaction considered sensitive (> 8 mm) S.aureus, E.coli P.aeruginosa. Whereas, effect thermal treatment significantly (p < 0.05) apparent which zones were mostly not (< mm). In combination, mixture 70:30 (KH:P.niruri) highest compared other ratios. interaction only deemed KH, principally S.aures results thus showed vast affected by extract. Thermal reduced while incorporation could synergistically improve ratio 70:30. HIGHLIGHTS demonstrated activity Combination an increment A Synergistic attained (v/v) KH:niruri GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT